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CD63 molecule

CD63 molecule

Overview

CD63 molecule is a member of the tetraspanin family of membrane proteins and is widely used as a canonical marker of extracellular vesicles, especially exosomes. In biomedical research, CD63 is commonly detected alongside other EV-associated proteins such as CD81, ALIX, HSP70/90, Syntenin-1, and Annexin A2 to support vesicle identity and assess preparation quality. Because it is enriched on small vesicles released by many cell types, CD63 is frequently used in exosome isolation, characterization, and capture platforms.

Functionally, CD63 is important less as a disease-specific biomarker than as a practical surface target for EV detection and enrichment. Recent studies have used CD63 aptamers, antibody-based assays, and dual-marker strategies to improve the capture of tumor-derived exosomes and other EV populations. In these settings, CD63 serves as a stable membrane handle for analytical platforms aimed at liver cancer biomarkers, colorectal cancer residual disease, spinal cord injury-related vesicles, and engineered therapeutic exosomes.

Recent Publications Focus

Below is a summary of the newest research publications targeting CD63 molecule (sorted by publication date).

  • PMID: 42378030 (2026-07-01) — In a study of donkey milk exosomes in dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis, CD63 was used as part of the standard exosome characterization panel together with TSG101 and CD9. The exosomes were reported to show typical vesicular features and to contain a large miRNA cargo, including abundant eca-let-7g and eca-miR-148a. The work supports the use of CD63 as a marker confirming exosome identity in a therapeutic vesicle preparation investigated for anti-inflammatory effects and gut microbiota remodeling.

  • PMID: 42296185 (2026-06-15) — This analytical chemistry study developed an aptamer-engineered phenotyping system for extracellular vesicles using honeycomb-like melamine-formaldehyde microspheres and carbon dot nanozymes. CD63 aptamers were used to functionalize the microspheres, enabling efficient EV capture. The publication highlights CD63 as a practical surface target for affinity-based enrichment of vesicles in diagnostic platforms.

  • PMID: 42190059 (2026-05-26) — Researchers created a DNA tetrahedron-mediated sensing platform on a single gold nanowire for liver cancer liquid biopsy. The design incorporated CD63 aptamer-functionalized DNA tetrahedrons to improve exosome capture efficiency by controlling probe orientation, spacing, and accessibility, thereby reducing steric hindrance. The system also combined CD63-mediated capture with AFP-mediated signal tagging for improved specificity toward HepG2-derived exosomes, and used a ratiometric SERS/electrochemical dual-mode readout to enhance reliability.

  • PMID: 42324293 (2026-06-21) — In a rat model of CCl4-induced liver fibrosis, melatonin-treated bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes were characterized as double-membrane vesicles of 50–100 nm and shown to express CD63 and CD81. CD63 served here as a canonical marker confirming the exosomal nature of the therapeutic vesicles used in fibrosis reversal experiments.

  • PMID: 42187340 (2026-06-22) — In diabetic mice, dihydromyricetin was reported to attenuate platelet hyperactivity by inhibiting intraplatelet reactive oxygen species generation. Flow cytometric analysis showed reduced platelet surface expression of CD62P, CD63, and CD40 ligands, indicating that CD63 can also be monitored as a platelet activation-associated surface marker in inflammatory and metabolic disease settings.

  • PMID: 42301587 (2026-06-16) — This study on M2 macrophage-derived extracellular vesicles in spinal cord injury included morphology assessment and measurement of CD63, TSG101, and Calnexin. CD63 was used in the characterization workflow to support EV identification, while the broader study examined the anti-inflammatory role of M2 macrophage-derived vesicles in injury-associated inflammation.

  • PMID: 42231680 (2026-06-02) — A CRISPR/Cas12a-based exosome RNA in situ detection platform was developed for tumor progression monitoring and therapeutic efficacy evaluation. The system used surface-anchored DNA tags and hybridization with two allosteric aptamers targeting CD63 and PD-L1, allowing specific capture of tumor-derived exosomes and facilitating membrane fusion. This work illustrates a dual-target strategy in which CD63 functions as the exosomal anchor marker and PD-L1 provides tumor-associated specificity.

  • PMID: 42053349 (2026-05-13) — In a study on magnetic engineering of extracellular vesicles via liposome fusion, protein assays and Western blotting confirmed preservation of EV markers including CD63, CD81, and Syntenin-1. CD63 was used as part of the validation set demonstrating that vesicle integrity was maintained after synthetic-biological nanoplatform engineering.

  • PMID: 42049365 (2026-05-01) — This colorectal cancer biomarker study reported that serum extracellular vesicles double-positive for CD9 and CD147 or for CD9 and CD63 decreased after surgical resection. The authors noted that CD9 and CD63 are tetraspanin membrane proteins widely used as EV markers, supporting the interpretation that these vesicle populations may reflect residual tumor burden and could have biomarker potential.

  • PMID: 41831704 (2026-04-25) — In the development of pH-gradient-loaded donkey-milk exosomes for oral octreotide delivery, CD63 was listed among abundant transport-associated proteins together with PIGR, MFGE8, ANXA2, CD9, and CD81. The study used CD63 as part of the molecular profile supporting the exosomal identity of the delivery vehicle in a drug formulation context.

  • PMID: 41846052 (2026-04-01) — Human iPSC-derived exosomes were isolated and characterized by nanoparticle tracking analysis, Western blotting, and ExoView assays, confirming exosomal size of approximately 100 nm and expression of canonical markers including CD63, CD81, ALIX, and HSP70/90. CD63 was therefore used as a standard marker validating the vesicle preparation in a study exploring mitochondrial, synaptic, and anti-apoptotic effects in Huntington’s disease.

  • PMID: 42067286 (2026-04-09) — An immunomagnetic hydrogel nanofibril strategy for exosome isolation was based on the specific interaction between CD63 on exosomes and CD63-targeted aptamers on the nanofibrils. This work demonstrates CD63’s utility as a capture target in affinity-based isolation technologies designed for efficient EV separation.

Overall, these recent studies show that CD63 molecule continues to be central to extracellular vesicle research as a marker, capture target, and validation tool. Across analytical platforms such as ExoView assays, high-resolution flow cytometry, CRISPR-Cas12a systems, electrochemical and surface-enhanced Raman scattering readouts, and aptamer-based isolation methods, CD63 is repeatedly used to identify exosomes, enrich vesicle populations, and support disease-focused applications in cancer, fibrosis, inflammation, metabolic disease, and regenerative medicine.

Method PMIDs

  • [PMID 42324293]
  • [PMID 42301587]

Result PMIDs

  • [PMID 42378030]
  • [PMID 42187340]
  • [PMID 42053349]
  • [PMID 41831704]

Target PMIDs

  • [PMID 42296185]
  • [PMID 42190059]
  • [PMID 42231680]
  • [PMID 42049365]
  • [PMID 41846052]
  • [PMID 42067286]
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